Secularism, Reformed Epistemology, and Liturgy
Considering the Liturgy Role in Secular Society
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33550/sd.v9i1.289Keywords:
Secularism, Reformed Epistemology, LiturgyAbstract
Secularism is a condition of the times when we live in today. It gives awareness to the global community that in reality there is only the immanent—there is no God. So, theism is seen as just one of the many available options: atheism becomes even more attractive to embrace. Generally, a theist will respond by demonstrating the theism plausibility through positive arguments about the existence of God. The author rejects this and offers an approach from Reformed epistemology on the problem, as it is a thesis on how one knows God. Through Reformed epistemology, the author views secularism as what he considers as a cognitive environment. A cognitive environment prevents the “knowing subject” from knowing God, as the authors point out that the appropriate response to secularism is involving the “knowing subject” into the liturgy. Thus, liturgy can also be understood as an act that has an epistemic dimension which enables a person knowing God.
Downloads
References
Adiprasetya, Joas. “Paedocommunion: Perjamuan Kudus bagi Anak-anak.” Situs Komunitas Jemaat Gereja Kristen Indonesia Pondok Indah - Jakarta (blog), 20 September 2015. http://gkipi.org/paedocommunion-perjamuan-kudus-kanak-kanak/.
Agustinus. Pengakuan-Pengakuan. Diterjemahkan oleh Winarsih Arifin dan Th. van den End. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2020.
Allmen, Jean-Jacques von. Worship: Its Theology and Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
Ambrosius, Verheul. Introduction to the Liturgy: Towards a Theology of Worship. London: Burns and Oates, 1968.
Baker-Hytch, Max. “Analytic Theology and Analytic Philosophy of Religion: What’s the Difference?” Journal of Analytic Theology 4 (Mei 2016): 347–61. https://doi.org/10.12978/jat.2016-4.120023010007a.
Bakker, Antonius, dan Achmad Charris Zubair. Metode Penelitian Filsafat. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1990.
Baldwin, Erik Daniel, dan Tyler Dalton McNabb. Plantingian Religious Epistemology and World Religions: Prospects and Problems. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016.
Benson, Bruce Ellis. “The Primacy of Liturgy in Christianity.” Religious Studies 58, no. 1 (2020): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412520000190.
Bergmann, Michael. Justification Without Awareness: A Defense of Epistemic Externalism. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2009.
Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Diterjemahkan oleh Ford Lewis Battles dan John T. McNeill. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2006.
Clark, Kelly James, dan Justin Barret. “Reidian Religious Epistemology and the Cognitive Science of Religion.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 79, no. 3 (2011): 639–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfr008.
Cuneo, Terrence. Ritualized Faith: Essays on the Philosophy of Liturgy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Cunningham, Lawrence. “And Their Eyes Were Opened: A Response to Nicholas Wolterstorff.” Theology Today 48, no. 1 (1 April 1991): 26–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/004057369104800104.
De Cruz, Helen, dan Johan De Smedt. “Reformed and Evolutionary Epistemology and the Noetic Effects of Sin.” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 74 (2013): 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11153-012-9368-z.
Djuwadi, Handi Irawan, dan Cemara A. Putra. “Gereja Sudah Tidak Menarik Bagi Kaum Muda.” Bilangan Research Center, 2018. https://bilanganresearch.com/gereja-sudah-tidak-menarik-bagi-kaum-muda.html.
Feldman, Richard. Epistemology. New Jersey: Pearson, 2003.
Geertz, Clifford. “Religions as a Cultural System.” Dalam The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York: Fontana Press, 1993.
Gettier, Edmund L. “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” Dalam Arguing about Knowledge, disunting oleh Ram Neta dan Duncan Pritchard. London: Routledge, 2009. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003061038-5/justified-true-belief-knowledge-edmund-gettier?context=ubx&refId=0b70e861-2629-412c-9276-13ab70bace7b.
Jonathan, Samuel Vincenzo. “Analisis terhadap Kemungkinan Epistemik Pengetahuan Mengenai Tuhan Melalui Internalisme Chisholm dan Eksternalisme Plantinga.” Skripsi, Universitas Indonesia, 2018.
Kinnaman, David, dan Aly Hawkins. You Lost Me: Why Young Christians are Leaving Church and Rethinking Faith. Michigan: Baker Books, 2011.
McNabb, Tyler. “Proper Functionalism.” Dalam Debating Christian Epistemology: An Introduction to Five Views on the Knowledge of God. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020.
Moltmann, Jürgen. The Church in the Power of the Spirit: A Contribution to Messianic Ecclesiology. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993.
Moon, Andrew. “How to Use Cognitive Faculties You Never Knew You Had.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 99, no. S1 (25 April 2018): 251–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/papq.12234.
Plantinga, Alvin. Warrant and Proper Function. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
———. Warranted Christian Belief. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Ratzinger, Joseph. “The Feeling of Things, the Contemplation of Beauty.” The Holy See, 2002. https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20020824_ratzinger-cl-rimini_en.html.
Rea, Michael. “Narrative, Liturgy, and the Hiddenness of God.” Dalam Metaphysics and God: Essays in Honor of Eleonore Stump, disunting oleh Kevin Timpe, 76–96. London: Routledge, 2009. https://www.routledge.com/Metaphysics-and-God-Essays-in-Honor-of-Eleonore-Stump/Timpe/p/book/9781138884328.
Schemann, Alexander. Introduction to Liturgical Theology. New York: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1966.
Schumacher, Lydia. Divine Illumination: The History and Future of Augustine’s Theory of Knowledge. Oxford: Blackwell, 2011.
Senn, Frank C. Introduction to Christian Liturgy. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2012.
Smith, James K. A. Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cutural Formation. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2009.
———. How (Not) to be Secular: Reading Charles Taylor. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2014.
———. Imagining the Kingdom: How Worship Works. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2013.
Stump, Eleonore. Wandering in Darkness: Narrative and the Problem of Suffering. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Sudduth, Michael. “Reformed Epistemology and Christian Apologetics.” Religious Studies 39, no. 3 (2003): 299–321. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412503006553.
Taylor, Charles. A Secular Age. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas. Acting Liturgically: Philosophical Reflections on Religious Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
———. “Knowing God Liturgically.” Journal of Analytic Theology 4 (6 Mei 2016). https://doi.org/10.12978/jat.2016-4.130818221405b.
Wood, Susan K. “The Liturgy and Sacraments.” Dalam The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism, disunting oleh James J. Buckley, Frederick Christian Bauerschmidt, dan Trent Pomplun, 340–53. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2007.
Zagzebski, Linda. On Epistemology. California: Wadsworth Press, 2009.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Reformed Center for Religion and Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
