Twenty-Five Years of Resilience: The Enduring Sociocultural Impact of the 1998 Tragedy on the Christian Chinese Ethnicity in Sarang, Rembang, Central Java

Nely Rahmawati Zaimah

doi:10.33550/sd.v10i2.396

Penulis

Nely Rahmawati Zaimah STAI Al-Anwar Sarang Rembang https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4580-7222

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33550/sd.v10i2.396

Kata Kunci:

tragedi 1998, Tionghoa-Kristen, fenomena psikokultural

Abstrak

Dalam bayang-bayang peristiwa yang menggemparkan tahun 1998, masyarakat Kecamatan Sarang di Indonesia telah mengalami transformasi sosial dan budaya yang mendalam. Studi ini mengkaji dampak jangka panjang dari tahun yang tak terlupakan itu terhadap komunitas Tionghoa-Kristen di Sarang yang terkenal dengan budaya keagamaannya yang ketat, termasuk banyak pesantren dan berpengaruh tokoh-tokoh yang membentuk identitas budayanya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan enam orang Tionghoa yang memilih tinggal di Sarang. Metode ini berguna untuk membedah keterkaitan antara tragedi 1998 dan transformasi lanskap sosial tentang etnis Tionghoa. Penelitian ini juga membahas apakah fenomena psikokultural rekonstruksi dan asimilasi identitas, sebagaimana diuraikan oleh partisipan, berperan penting terhadap perubahan-perubahan ini. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menawarkan wawasan kepada dinamika sosial yang lebih luas dalam negara ini.

Statistik

Data terunduh belum tersedia.

Biografi Penulis

Nely Rahmawati Zaimah, STAI Al-Anwar Sarang Rembang

Penulis merupakan lulusan S-2 Program Pasca Sarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta. Selama beberapa tahun terakhir, penulis telah bekerja sebagai pengajar dan dosen. Selain itu, penulis melakukan berbagai penelitian untuk mengembangkan potensi dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dan membangun hubungan dengan beberapa afiliasi program. Penulis memiliki pengalaman dalam pengelolaan proyek, analisis data, dan pelatihan tim. Selain itu, penulis juga cukup mendalami Participatory Active Research.

Referensi

“Respecting Cultural Differences Builds A More Unified Workplace.“ The National Society of Leadership and Success (blog). https://www.nsls.org/blog/respecting-cultural-differences-builds-unified-workplace.

Ahmadi, Anas., The Traces of Oppression and Trauma to Ethnic Minorities in Indonesia Who Experienced Rape on the 12 May 1998 Tragedy. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8, no. 2., 2021: 126-144. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48710307.

Ariyanto, Amarina Ashar, et al., eds. “Diversity in Unity: Perspectives from Psychology and Behavioral Sciences” In Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, Depok, Indonesia, November 7-9, 2016: Topics in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. London: Routledge, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315225302.

Bhaskara, H. “Fear haunts ethnic Chinese”. The Jakarta Post. 11 April 2008. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/04/11/fear-haunts-ethnic-chinese.html.

Budiman, Arief. "Portrait of the Chinese in post-Soeharto Indonesia." In Chinese Indonesians: Remembering, Distorting, Forgetting, edited by Tim Lindsey and Helen Pausacker, 95-104. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing, 2005.

Heri Samtani, DIASPORA ETNIS TIONGHOA DAN MEMORI PENDERITAAN TRAGEDI MEI 1998 DALAM CERPEN NYONYA RUMAH ABU KARANGAN VIKA KURNIAWATI,” Jurnal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 8, no. 1 (2023): 96–103. https://doi.org/10.31943/bi.v8i1.323.

Hikmawati, Chandra Linsa, “Opresi berlapis perempuan etnis Tionghoa: Pemerkosaan massal terhadap perempuan etnis Tionghoa dalam tragedi Mei 1998 di Jakarta,” Jurnal Politik 2, no. 2, Article 4 (2022): 1-28, https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/politik/vol2/iss2/4.

Himawan, E. M., Pohlman, A., & Louis, W. Revisiting the May 1998 Riots in Indonesia: Civilians and Their Untold Memories. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 41 no. 2 (2022). 240–257. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034221084320.

Hoon, Chang Yau. How to be Chinese: Ethnic Chinese Experience a 'Reawakening' of their Chinese Identity. Inside Indonesia 78 (2004): 13-14. https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/834.

Kelman, Herbert C. "Contributions of an unofficial conflict resolution effort to the Israeli-Palestinian breakthrough." Negotiation Journal 11 (January 1995): 19-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02183488.

Kusno, Abidin. "Remembering/Forgetting the May Riots: Architecture, Violence, and the Making of "Chinese Cultures" in Post-1998 Jakarta." Public Culture 15, no. 1 (2003): 149-177. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-15-1-149.

Linenthal, Edward Tabor. Preserving Memory: The Struggle to Create America's Holocaust Museum. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.

Min, Sai Siew. "‘Eventing’ the May 1998 affair: problematic representations of violence in contemporary Indonesia." In Violent Conflicts in Indonesia, edited by Charles Coppel, 69-70. London/New York: Routledge, 2006.

Mulyanto, Randy. “‘No place like home’: ethnic Chinese who fled Indonesia for Taiwan remember the deadly 1998 riots that changed their lives.” South China Morning Post, May 14, 2019. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/article/3010083/no-place-home-ethnic-chinese-who-escaped-indonesia-taiwan-wake.

Pols, Hans., and Eunike Sri Tyas Suci. ”The Contentious Social Positions of People of Chinese Descent in Indonesia.” In Mental Health in China and the Chinese Diaspora: Historical and Cultural Perspectives, edited by Harry Minas, 181-196. Parkville: Springer Cham, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65161-9_13.

Pratisti, Siti Aliyuna, Deasy Silvya Sari, dan Taufik Hidayat. Narasi Populer Indonesia Pasca Reformasi: Sebuah Kajian Psikokultural. Indonesian Journal of Anthropology 4, no. 2 (December 2019): 89-100. https://doi.org/10.24198/umbara.v4i2.25356.

Purnawibawa, RA Ginanjar. The Prau Maritime Project: Tradisi Maritim Rembang. Jakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Universitas Indonesia, 2020. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VOlmhRL100OMSO3_Ilvj5L5-jq90SqKM/view.

Purnomo, Vicki Dwi, Andrie Irawan, and Ishvi Joenaini Koenti. “The Polemic of the May 1998 Riots Against the Chinese Ethnicity.” Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics 2, no. 2 (2023): 119–30.

Putra, Thaus Sugihilmi Arya. “Hilangkan Rasisme dan Diskriminasi Terhadap Etnis Tionghoa dengan Asimilasi Integrasi Tionghoa-Indonesia Tanpa Paksaan,” Kanwil DJKN Kalimantan Barat, 11 February 2022, https://djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/kanwil-kalbar/baca-artikel/14721/Hilangkan-Rasisme-dan-Diskriminasi-terhadap-Etnis-Tionghoa-dengan-Asimilasi-Integrasi-Tionghoa-Indonesia-Tanpa-Paksaan.html.

Putro, Yahya Ariyanto, Hamdan Tri Atmaja, and Ibnu Sodiq. "Konflik Rasial Antara Etnis Tionghoa Dengan Pribumi Jawa di Surakarta Tahun 1972-1998." Journal of Indonesian History 6, no. 1, 2017.

Radelet, Steven. Indonesia: Long Road to Recovery. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1999.

Refugee Review Tribunal. RRT Research Response: Indonesia. Research Response No. IDN30694. Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal, 5 October 2006. https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b6fe1eb0.html.

Refugee Review Tribunal. RRT Research Response: Indonesia. Research Response No. IDN31639. Australia: Refugee Review Tribunal, 17 April 2007. https://www.refworld.org/docid/4b6fe1eb0.html.

Roberts, Andrea L., Stephen E. Gilman, Joshua Breslau, Naomi Breslau, and Karestan C. Koenen. "Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States." Psychological medicine 41, no. 1 (2011): 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291710000401.

Ross, Marc. Psychocultural Interpretations and Dramas: Identity Dynamics in Ethnic Conflict. Political Psychology 22 (2001): 157-78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3791910.

Shalihin, Nurus, et al., “The social violence and regime changes in Indonesia,” Humanities & Social Sciences Review 8, no. 4 (July 2020): 811-21. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8481re.

Sidel, John T. Riots, pogroms, jihad: Religious violence in Indonesia. Singapore: NUS Press, 2007.

Sin, Sia Kok. "Etnis Tionghoa Kristen Paska Kerusuhan Mei 1998." Theologia Aletheia 8, no. 15 (2005): 45-98. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337757490_Etnis_tionghoa_kristen_paska_kerusuhan_mei_1998.

Wallendorf, Melanie, and Michael D. Reilly. "Ethnic migration, assimilation, and consumption." Journal of Consumer Research 10, no. 3 (December 1983): 292-302.

Weeraratne, Suranjan. “Ethnic entrepreneurs and collective violence: Assessing spatial variations in anti-Chinese rioting within Jakarta during the May 1998 riots.” (WIDER working Paper no. 2010/55, The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/54158.