The Theology of Death in Cantata BMV 106 by J.S Bach: A Critical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33550/sd.v2i2.26Abstrak
ABSTRACT: The text of Cantata BWV 106 shows two forms of organization: symmetry and chronology. The former is shown by similar sets of correspondences in the musical texture, which display the antithesis: death under the Law versus death under the Gospel. The latter is visible in the four solos and central fugue/solo/chorale complex between the prologue and doxology. The chronology passes through the stages of the history of Israel to the coming of Christ, his death on the cross, and the era of the Christian church. The sequence can be read as an internal progression from fear of death and acceptance of its inevitability to faith in Christ and in the promise of the Gospel, and finally, to the willingness of the believer to die in Christ and his church. KEYWORDS: Luther, death, law, gospel, faith, sleep.
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Referensi
Eric Chafe, Tonal Allegory: In the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach (University of California Press: 1991).
Martin Dibelius, “Paulus auf dem Areopag”, in Aufsätze zur Apostelgeschichte (Göttingen, 1951), 29, quoted in Eric Chafe, Tonal Allegory: In the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach (University of California Press, 1991), 95.
Dürr, Die Kantaten, 616, quoted in Eric Chafe, Tonal Allegory: In the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach (University of California Press, 1991), 95. Ich hab’ mein Sach Gott heimgestellt – My time and hour will be when God wills was composed by Johann Leon, 1530-1597 (Francis, Browne. Bach Cantatas Website: Ich hab’ mein’ Sach’ Gott heimgestellt, http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Texts/Chorale009-Eng3.htm (accessed March 11, 2015).
Paul Althaus, The Theology of Martin Luther (Fortress Press Philadelphia: 1966), 216-217, quoted in Eric Chafe, Tonal Allegory: In the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach (University of California Press: 1991).
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Bornkamm, Luther and the Old Testament, 145-146, quoted in Eric Chafe, Tonal Allegory: In the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach (University of California Press, 1991), 96. Luther learned to draw life from the struggle against the devil. For the just shall live by faith, and “life” does not begin in Heaven. According to the medieval memento mori, in the midst of life we are surrounded by death. Luther’s faith enabled him to vigorously turn this on its head: “In the midst of death we are surrounded by life”. Carter Lindberg, 1999. "Martin Luther: the Christian between God and death." Lutheran Quarterly 13, no. 3: 359-362. ATLA Religion Database with ATLASerials, EBSCOhost (accessed March 13, 2015).
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WA 53, 400, 14-19: “Quare et Urbanum nostrum, qui in vera invocatione Dei et fide Christi assidue vixit et fideliter servivit Ecclesiae et Euangelium castitate et pietete morum ornavit, sciamus beatum esse et habere vitam et laeticiam aeternam in societate Christi et Ecclesiae coelistis, in qua nun ea coram discit, cernit et audit, de quibus hic in Ecclesiae iuxta verbum Dei disseruit”. The quotation is preceded by reference to Rev.14:13: “Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord henceforth”, quoted in Bernhard Lohse, Martin Luther’s Theology: Its Historical and Systematic Development (Fortress Press, 1999), 327.
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Hans Conzelmann, The Theology of St. Luke, trans. Geoffrey Buswell (Philadelphia, 1961), 150-151, quoted in Eric Chafe, Tonal Allegory: In the Vocal Music of J. S. Bach (University of California Press, 1991), 93.
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