Sebuah Respons Kristen terhadap Penggunaan Aplikasi Clubhouse di Era Covid-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33550/sd.v8i2.251Kata Kunci:
Clubhouse, relasi, ruang virtual, kehadiranAbstrak
Beberapa diskusi kekinian tentang realitas ruang virtual menunjukkan bahwa ruang virtual dapat memediasi kehadiran antarsubjek dan menciptakan relasi yang bermakna. Artikel ini hendak menguji realisasi gagasan ini pada sebuah ruang komunikasi virtual bernama Clubhouse yang sempat marak menjadi perbincangan. Clubhouse merupakan aplikasi media sosial yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk terkoneksi secara langsung hanya melalui medium suara serta tanpa teks, gambar, foto, atau video. Awalnya, Clubhouse dibuka hanya untuk pengguna yang memiliki akses undangan dari pengguna sebelumnya. Akan tetapi, belakangan aplikasi ini dapat diakses secara bebas oleh seluruh pengguna internet tanpa undangan. Jika aplikasi Clubhouse dibaca sebagai sebuah “teks kultural,” akan ditemukan nilai-nilai yang bersinggungan dengan nilai-nilai Injil, yaitu tentang eksklusivitas dan inklusivitas, serta unsur memberi diri dalam sebuah relasi. Melalui pembacaan ini, Clubhouse dinilai dapat dijadikan salah satu alternatif ruang menjalin relasi, jika penggunaannya diimbangi dengan penciptaan konteks atau kondisi yang memastikan pengguna menyadari dan mengupayakan kesengajaan akan keberadaan dirinya; serta mengoptimalkan pemenuhan gambaran mental melalui ragam jejak kehadiran.
Statistik
Referensi
Aljazeera. “Oman Blocks Clubhouse App, Fuelling Regional Censorship Fears.” 15 Maret 2021. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/3/15/oman-blocks-clubhouse-app-fueling-regional-censorship-fears.
Aten, Jason. “Clubhouse Is Recording Your Conversations. That’s Not Even Its Worst Privacy Problem.” Inc. 27 Februari 2021. https://www.inc.com/jason-aten/clubhouse-is-recording-your-conversations-thats-not-even-its-worst-privacy-problem.html.
B., Subin. “You Can Now Join Clubhouse Without an Invite on Android and iOS.” Beebom. 22 Juli 2021. Diakses 22 Juli 2021. https://beebom.com/join-clubhouse-without-invite-android-ios/.
Blöbaum, Bernd. Trust and Communication in a Digitized World: Models and Concepts of Trust Research. Cham: Springer, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28059-2.
Bock, Darrell dan Jonathan Armstrong. Virtual Reality Church: Pitfalls and Possibilities. Chicago: Moody, 2021.
Bump, Pamela. “How to Use Clubhouse: A Step-by-Step Guide.” HubSpot. 22 Februari 2021. https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/how-to-use-clubhouse.
Campbell, Heidi. Digital Ecclesiology: A Global Conversation. Texas: Digital Religion Publications, 2020. https://doi.org/10.21423/digitalecclesiology.
Campbell, Heidi. The Distanced Church: Reflections on Doing Church Online. Texas: Digital Religion Publications, 2020. https://doi.org/10.21423/distancedchurch.
Canales, Katie. “Scraped Personal Data of 1.3 Million Clubhouse Users Has Reportedly Been Posted Online.” Business Insider India. 12 April 2021. https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/personal-data-of-1-3-million-clubhouse-users-has-reportedly-leaked-online-days-after-linkedin-and-facebook-also-suffered-data-breaches/articleshow/82010584.cms.
Champion, Erik. The Phenomenology of Real and Virtual Places. New York: Routledge, 2018. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315106267.
Chan, Sam. Evangelism in a Skeptical World: How to Make the Unbelievable News about Jesus More Believable. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2018.
Clubhouse. “Check, 1, 2, 3 … Is This Thing On?” 10 Juli 2020. https://www.joinclubhouse.com/blog/check-1-2-3.
Collins, Barry. “Clubhouse: The Hot New Social Network Has Big Privacy Problems.” Forbes. 10 Februari 2021. https://www.forbes.com/sites/barrycollins/2021/02/10/clubhouse-the-hot-new-social-network-has-big-privacy-problems/.
Crouch, Andy. Strong and Weak: Embracing a Life of Love, Risk, and True Flourishing. Downers Grove: Intervarsity, 2016.
Cyber News. “Clubhouse Data Leak: 1.3 Million Scraped User Records Leaked Online for Free.” 10 April 2021. https://cybernews.com/security/clubhouse-data-leak-1-3-million-user-records-leaked-for-free-online/.
Detweiler, Craig. iGods: How Technology Shapes Our Spiritual and Social Lives. Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2013.
Dyer, John. “Digital Baptisms: What We Can Learn From Online, Virtual, And Broadcast Practices.” John Dyer: Theology, Technology, Society. 18 April 2020. https://j.hn/digital-baptisms-learn-from-online-virtual-and-broadcast-practices/.
Dyer, John. “Digital Communion: History, Theology, and Practices.” John Dyer: Theology, Technology, Society. 23 Maret 2020. https://j.hn/digital-communion-summary-of-theology-practices/.
Etherington, Darrell dan Rita Liao. “Clubhouse is Now Blocked in China After a Brief Uncensored Period.” Tech Crunch. 8 Februari 2021. https://techcrunch.com/2021/02/08/clubhouse-is-now-blocked-in-china-after-a-brief-uncensored-period/.
Eveleth, Sandi. “Clubhouse App: What You Need to Know About the New Audio App Sensation.” Top Dog Social Media. Diakses 26 Mei 2021. https://topdogsocialmedia.com/clubhouse-app/
Friesen, Dwight J. Thy Kingdom Connected: What the Church Can Learn from Facebook, the Internet, and Other Networks. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2009.
Ganji, Hamid. “Over 2 Million Android Users Are Now Using Clubhouse.” Android Headlines. 1 Juni 2021. https://www.androidheadlines.com/2021/06/clubhouse-2-million-android-users.html.
Garst, Kim. “What is the Clubhouse App: Everything You Need to Know,” Kim Garst. 25 Januari 2021. https://kimgarst.com/what-is-the-clubhouse-app-everything-you-need-to-know/
Hindustan Times. “Clubhouse Crosses 2 Million Users on Android, Plans General Release This Summer.” 1 Juni 2021. https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/clubhouse-crosses-2-million-users-on-android-plans-general-release-this-summer-71622518405335.html.
Hindustan Times. “Clubhouse Crosses 2 Million Users on Android, Plans General Release This Summer.” 1 Juni 2021. https://tech.hindustantimes.com/tech/news/clubhouse-crosses-2-million-users-on-android-plans-general-release-this-summer-71622518405335.html.
Huet, Ellen dan Brody Ford. “Clubhouse’s Founder Is in a State of Perpetual Motion.” Bloomberg. 16 Maret 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-16/who-made-clubhouse-app-paul-davison-a-founder-in-perpetual-motion.
Hutchings, Tim. “Christianity and Digital Media.” Dalam The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics. Disunting oleh Stanley D. Brunn. Dordrecht: Springer, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9376-6_201.
Hutchings, Tim. “Contemporary Religious Community and the Online Church.” Information, Communication & Society 14, no. 8 (Juni 2011): 1118‒35. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2011.591410.
Hutchings, Tim. “Death, Emotion, and Digital Media.” Dalam Emotions and Religious Dynamic. Disunting oleh Douglas J. Davies dan Nathaniel A. Warne. Abingdon: Routledge, 2014. Kindle.
Hutchings, Tim. “Real Virtual Community.” Word & World 35, no. 2 (2015): 151‒161. https://wordandworld.luthersem.edu/issues.aspx?article_id=3847.
Hutchings, Tim. “The Dis/Embodied Church: Worship, New Media and the Body.” Dalam Christianity in the Modern World. Disunting oleh Giselle Vincett dan Elijah Obinna (London: Routledge, 2014), https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315571935.
Keller, Timothy. Center Church: Doing Balanced, Gospel-Centered Ministry in Your City. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2012.
Kim, Jay C. Analog Church: Why We Need Real People, Places, and Things in the Digital Age. Downers Grove: Intervarsity, 2020.
Kuksa, Iryna dan Mark Childs. Making Sense of Space: The Design And Experience of Virtual Spaces as a Tool for Communication. Oxford: Chandos Publishing, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2013-0-16963-2.
Lambert, Zach W. “Facilitating Deep Friendships Digitally when Analog Acquaintances Are Gone.” Dalam The Distanced Church: Reflections on Doing Church Online. Disunting oleh Heidi A. Campbell. Texas: Digital Religion Publications, 2020. https://doi.org/10.21423/distancedchurch.
Lane, Timothy S. dan Paul David Tripp. Relationships: A Mess Worth Making. Greensboro: New Growth, 2008. Kindle.
Lombard, Matthew dan Matthew T. Jones. “Defining Presence.” Dalam Immersed in Media: Telepresence Theory, Measurement & Technology. Diedit oleh Matthew Lombard, Frank Biocca, Jonathan Freeman, Wijnand Ijsselsteijn, dan Rachel J. Schaevitz. Cham: Springer, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10190-3_2.
Meyer, Birgit. “Mediating Absence―Effecting Spiritual Presence: Pictures and the Christian Imagination.” Social Research 78, no. 4 (2011): 1029‒56. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23349842.
Newman, Randy. Bringing the Gospel Home: Witnessing to Your Family Members, Close Friends, and Others Who Know You Well. Wheaton: Crossway, 2011. Kindle.
Pakpahan, Binsar Jonathan. “Mencari Definisi Kehadiran Antar-Subjek yang Bermakna di Ruang Digital.” Bia’: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Kontekstual 4, no. 1 (Juni 2021): 1‒18. https://doi.org/10.34307/b.v4i1.219.
Panzer, Ryan. “Overcoming Digital Division: Digital Sacramentality as a Source of Healing.” Journal of Religious Leadership 19, no. 1 (2020): 49–69.
Perez, Sarah. “Report: Social Audio App Clubhouse Has Topped 8 Million Global Downloads.” Tech Crunch, 19 Februari 2021. https://techcrunch.com/2021/02/18/report-social-audio-app-clubhouse-has-topped-8-million-global-downloads/.
Plass, Richard dan James Cofield. The Relational Soul: Moving from False Self to Deep Connection. Downers Grove: Intervarsity, 2014. Kindle.
Pratama, Natanael D. B. J. “’Kaskus’―Forum Komunitas dalam Jaringan: Sebuah Refleksi Teologis dan Budaya.” Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 14, no. 2 (Oktober 2013): 277‒294. https://doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v14i2.280.
Roof, Katie. “Clubhouse Discusses Funding at About $4 Billion Value.” Bloomberg. 7 April 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-04-06/clubhouse-is-said-to-discuss-funding-at-about-4-billion-value.
Sharayri, Dana. ”Jordan Bans Clubhouse Application.” Roya News, 25 Maret 2021. https://en.royanews.tv/news/26508/2021-03-25.
Shead, Sam. “Buzzy New Social Media App Clubhouse Appears to Have Been Blocked in China.” CNBC. 8 Februari 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2021/02/08/clubhouse-appears-to-have-been-blocked-in-china.html.
Shead, Sam. “There Are Signs That the Buzz Around Clubhouse is Already Fading―But Investors Aren’t Deterred.” Microsoft News. 19 April 2021. https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/there-are-signs-that-the-buzz-around-clubhouse-is-already-fading-e2-80-94-but-investors-arent-deterred/ar-BB1fNFqx.
Stevenson, Reed. “Elon Musk Makes Characteristically Wild Debut on a Buzzy Social App Clubhouse.” Bloomberg. 1 Februari 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-01/musk-s-debut-on-a-buzzy-social-app-was-characteristically-wild.
Subair, Eni. “Clubhouse Is the New FOMO-Inducing Social App To Know,” Vogue. 16 Desember 2020. https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/clubhouse-app.
Think Impact. “Clubhouse User Statistics.” Diakses 23 Juli 2021. https://www.thinkimpact.com/clubhouse-statistics/.
Thomas, John. “Churches: Don’t Get Too Comfortable Online.” Christianity Today. 20 April 2020. https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2020/april-web-only/jay-kim-analog-church-online-digital-world.html.
Thompson, Curt. The Soul of Shame: Retelling the Stories We Believe About Ourselves. Downers Grove: Intervarsity, 2015. Kindle.
Touqma, Rafqa. “Clubhouse App: What Is It and How Do You Get an Invite to the Exclusive Audio App?” The Guardian. 16 Februari 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/feb/17/clubhouse-app-invite-what-is-it-how-to-get-audio-chat-elon-musk.
Vanhoozer, Kevin J., Charles A. Anderson dan Michael J. Sleasman. Everyday Theology: How to Read Cultural Texts and Interpret Trends. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2017.
Wiener, Anna. “Clubhouse Feels Like a Party―But Is It a Good One?” New Yorker. 31 Maret 2021. https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-silicon-valley/in-the-clubhouse.
Wilson, Sara. “The Era of Antisocial Media.” Harvard Business Review. 5 Februari 2020. https://hbr.org/2020/02/the-era-of-antisocial-social-media.
Wirth, Werner, Tilo Hartmann, Saskia Böcking, Peter Vorderer, Christoph Klimmt, Holger Schramm, Timo Saari, et al. “A Process Model of the Formation of Spatial Presence Experiences.” Media Psychology 9 (Desember 2007): 493–525. http://doi.org/10.1080/15213260701283079.
Wright, Christopher J. H. Misi Umat Allah: Sebuah Teologi Biblika Tentang Misi Gereja. Diterjemahkan oleh James Pantou, Lily E. Joeliani, Perdian Tumanan. Jakarta: Literatur Perkantas, 2011.
Yen, Edwin Gandaputra. “Pengantar Studi Fenomenologis Dalam Penelitian Teologis.” Te Deum: Jurnal Teologi dan Pengembangan Pelayanan 8, no. 1 (2018): 1‒16. https://ojs.sttsappi.ac.id/index.php/tedeum/article/view/42.
Zaluchu, Sonny Eli. “Metode Penelitian di Dalam Manuskrip Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan.” Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup 3, no. 2 (Maret 2021): 249‒266. https://doi.org/10.38189/jtbh.v3i2.93.
Zhu, Binhe. “Clubhouse: A Popular Audio Social Application.” Dalam Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Public Relations and Social Sciences (ICPRSS 2021) (2021): 575–79, https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211020.219.
Zsupan-Jerome, Daniella. “Virtual Presence as Real Presence? Sacramental Theology and Digital Culture in Dialogue.” Worship 89, no. 6 (2015): 526–42.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2021 Reformed Center for Religion and Society
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
